Thermott: A comprehensive online tool for protein–ligand binding constant determination

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Self-paced exercise performance in the heat with neck cooling,menthol application,and abdominal cooling

Objectives

To investigate whether the exercise performance benefits with neck cooling in the heat are attributable to neck-specific cooling, general body cooling, a cooler site-specific thermal perception or a combination of the above.

Global burden of thermal burns, 1990–2017: Unbalanced distributions and temporal trends assessed from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

BackgroundMany studies demonstrate that being burned has both physical and psychological sequelae that affect quality of life. Further, these effects may be more prevalent in some regions and populations. We sought to access the unbalanced distributions and temporal trends concerning the health burden of thermal burns.MethodsData were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, and the disability-adjusted life year (DALY)¹ was used as a measure of health burden. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between the age-standardized DALY rate and socio-demographic index.² Joinpoint regression analysis and comparison line charts were all applied to assess the temporal trends of burns.ResultsThe age-standardized DALY rate of global thermal burns decreased by 43.7%, from 197 (95% CI: 152–228) per 100,000 in 1990 to 111 (95% CI: 93–129) per 100,000 in 2017. The burden was borne mainly by children 1–4 years of age and people over 80 years. Socio-demographic index was negatively correlated with the age-standardized DALY rate. In low-middle and low socio-demographic index regions, the decreasing trends were slower than other regions with an average annual percentage change of ?2.1% (95% CI: ?2.2 to ?2.0) and ?2.1% (95% CI: ?2.1 to ?2.0), respectively. Among six geographical regions, Africa presented the highest age-standardized DALY rates of 352 (95% CI: 275–410) per 100,000 in 1990 and 208 (95% CI: 175–236) per 100,000 in 2017, and also the slowest average decreasing trend, with an average annual percentage change of ?1.9% (95% CI: ?2 to ?1.8).ConclusionsThe global burden of thermal burns shows a downward trend from 1990 to 2017, and regions with lower socio-demographic index and Africa show greater burdens and smaller downward trends.     

Non-linear Wave Propagation and Safety Standards for Diagnostic Ultrasound Devices

Safety standards for clinical diagnostic ultrasonic devices were developed for use in relatively low-frequency systems (1–10 MHz), under the assumption that non-linear effects would be negligible. This article reviews ways in which neglecting non-linear wave propagation affects the measurements and calculations required to comply with safety standards and U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidance that recognizes these standards. An attempt is made to evaluate whether ignoring non-linear effects could result in significant error in the exposure quantities defined in these standards at either low or high frequencies, based on published literature. This article maintains that although non-linear effects have been considered in some parts of safety standards related to hydrophone requirements, the coverage is inadequate, especially for modern equipment with high working frequencies. A new approach is required to assess the magnitude of thermal heating for recently developed high-frequency systems to incorporate non-linear effects. In contrast, the current approach for evaluating the risk of cavitation can be used after appropriate modifications.     

差异性炮制方法对丹参药材中丹酚酸B的变化研究

目的:研究差异性炮制方法对丹参药材中丹酚酸B的变化。方法:选取和制备炒丹参、丹参炭、米炒丹参、酒丹参、醋丹参,随后采用高效液相色谱法检测各种丹参炮制品中的丹酚酸B的含量。结果:酒丹参炮制品中丹酚酸B的含量最高,醋丹参位列第二,按照醋丹酚酸B含量从高到低的顺序依次为生丹参、米炒丹参、炒丹参、丹参炭。结论:丹酚酸B的热稳定性较差,通过乙醇以及酸性添加剂可在一定程度上增加丹酚酸B的热稳定性,值得临床重点关注。     

The learning curve of laparoscopic ablation of liver tumors: A technically demanding procedure requiring dedicated training

BackgroundLaparoscopic ablation (LA) of liver tumors is an increasingly performed procedure. However, LA is technically demanding, with inherent difficulties making LA more complex than percutaneous and open surgery ablations. This study aimed to characterize the learning curve (LC) of LAs.MethodsAll consecutive LAs of malignant liver tumors performed with curative intent by a single surgeon were identified from a prospective database. A risk-adjusted cumulative summative (RA-CUSUM) analysis was used for evaluating the LC of LAs. Incomplete ablation (IA) was the outcomes measure. Performance trends were analyzed using broken-line modeling.ResultsFrom June 2007 to February 2018, 241 lesions underwent LA during 151 procedures. RA-CUSUM analysis demonstrated an LC of 93 LAs (p < 0.001), with an IA rate decreasing from 12.9% to 4.7% (p = 0.027). Lesions in the posterosuperior segment and those in cirrhotic livers showed an LC of 34 and 45 tumor ablations, respectively (p=<0.001 each). Open ablations performed during the same period showed steady outcomes, indicating already acquired proficiency.ConclusionCompletion of a steep LC is needed to gain proficiency in LAs. Dedicated training should be warranted to novices to smooth the LC and decrease LA failures.